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Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of 80m or two hundred sixty five feet. The tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is 16,642 kg or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety lbs. with counter weights of twenty tons. Additionally, two limit switches are used to be able to make sure that the operator does not overload the crane. There is also another safety feature known as a load moment switch to make sure that the driver does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Finally, the maximum reach of a tower crane is 70 meters or 230 feet.
There is certainly a science involved with erecting a tower crane, especially because of their extreme heights. At first, the stationary structure needs to be transported to the construction site by utilizing a large tractor-trailer rig setup. Then, a mobile crane is utilized so as to assemble the equipment portion of the crane and the jib. After that, these sections are attached to the mast. The mobile crane next adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes may be some of the other industrial machines that is commonly used to erect a crane.
When the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height can match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is known as a top climber or a climbing frame which fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are used to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 20 feet or 6.1m. Next, the driver of the crane utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into position one more mast part piece.
A "loaded container" by definition is a container other than in the empty or tare condition, in reference to container handling. Unless otherwise confirmed, containers must be treated as loaded. To be able to maintain safety, when handling or securing containers, environmental conditions such as wind should be considered. The term loaded is the maximum gross weigh rating of the container. To be able to make sure that the centre of gravity is kept as central and low as possible, the cargo must be distributed throughout the container.
In order to maintain safety, having an evenly distributed load is beneficial to prevent lack of vehicle stability, and excessive tilting. An even cargo helps to avoid unacceptable vehicle axle loading, and unacceptable load concentrations.
The eccentricity of the center of gravity varies, with the distribution of load within the container. It is extremely essential that the designers of containers and handling machinery take this into consideration during the engineering process. For example, when 60% of the load by mass is distributed in 50% of the length of the container measured from one end of the machine, the eccentricity corresponds to 5%.
In order to make sure that the machinery utilized is right for the load, care has to be taken to make sure it is safely attached to the container and that the container is free to be handled. Specific attention should be paid to the possibility of the container tilting because of the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When lifting any container whose centre of gravity is eccentric or mobile, like for instance a tank container, a bulk container a thermal container with a refrigerating unit or a container with a liquid bulk bag, either clip on or integral, or any container with a hanging cargo, great care must be taken when lifting these.
